Bibliography of type and typography

This is a bibliography of books, articles and reports about type and typography that I have collected off the net in the last few years. I have only read a few of the books here, and so do not make any recommendation about any of the books included in the list. This bibliography also reflects my interests in the area, which are mainly in type history, design, digital rendering and page layout.

This page is formatted with non-standard tags so that the data in it can be extracted mechanically. With any luck I'll be able to map the tag names to something which visually differentiates between them when HTML 3.0 comes along.

The references on this page have mainly been gathered off the newsgroup comp.fonts; thanks are due to all of the people who posted their recommended book lists.

Type history and form

A manual of comparative typography. Benjamin Bauermeister, Van Nostrand Reinhold

Fine Print On Type, The Best of Fine Print Magazine on Type and Typography. Edited by Charles Bigelow, Paul Hayden Duensing and Linnea Gentry, Lund Humphries, London, 1989, ISBN 0853315434

Bell Centennial. Matthew Carter, Type and technology, Monograph #1, Center for design and typography, The Cooper Union, New York, 1982

Typographic Design: Form and Communication. Rob Carter, Ben Day, and Phillip Meggs, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1985

Twentieth Century Type Designers. Sebastian Carter, Taplinger, 1987,

Origin of the serif. Edward Catich, 1968

Typography 6: The Annual of the Type Directors Club. Edited by Susan Davis, Watson-Guptill, ISBN 0-8230-5540-x

Practice of Typography: Plain Printing Types. Theodore Low De Vinne, Century Co./DeVinne Press

Finer Points in the Spacing and Arrangement of Type. Dowding, Wace & Company, Clerkenwell, United Kingdom, 1966, ISBN 0-88179-086-9 Harley & Marks, ISBN 0-88179-119-9

WAD to RR. Walter A. Dwiggins, Princeton University Press

Type sign symbol. Adrian Frutiger, ABC Verlag, Zurich, 1980

The Alphabet, and Elements of Lettering. Frederic W. Goudy, Dorset Press (Marboro Books), ISBN 0-88029-330-6

Typologia. Frederic Goudy, University of California Press

Design of Egyptian SOS

. Andre Gurtler, in Journal of typographic research, volume 2, number 1, 1968

Schwind: From Helvetica to Haas Unica. Andre Gurtler and Christian Mengelt, Haas Typefoundry, Munchenstein, Switzerland, 1977

Cyrillic Gothic: formal modifications in the design of a Russian sans serif

. Andre Gurtler and Christian Mengelt, in Journal of typographic research, volume 11, number 1, 1977

The ABC's of Type. Allan Haley, Lund Humphries, London, United Kingdom, 1990, ISBN 0-85331-580-9

Lettering design: form & skill in the design & use of letters. Michael Harvey, Barre Publishing, Barre, MA

The Modification of Letterforms. Stanley Hess, ISBN 0-91058-79-7 (paperback), ISBN 0-91058-78-9 (hardback).

Letters. James Hutchinson, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1983, ISBN 0-442-23267-5

Stanley Morison Displayed. Herbert Jones, Frederick Muller Ltd / W, ISBN 0-584-10352-2

Schrift/statistik (Typeface statistics). Peter Karow, ISBN 3-926515-08-2

Anatomy of a Typeface. Alexander Lawson, Hamish Hamilton, London, 1990, ISBN 0-241-129435

Printing Types: An Introduction.. Alexander S. Lawson et. al., Beacon, 1971, Godine, 1990

Types of Typefaces and how to recognize them. J Ben. Lieberman, Sterling, 1968

Jan Tschichold, typographer. Ruari McLean, Goldine, Boston, Lund Humphries, London, 1975

A Tally of Types. Stanley Morison, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1973, ISBN 0521200431 (hard cover), ISBN 052109786X (paperback)

Types Best Remembered/Types Best Forgotten. Robert Norton, ISBN 1-884606-00-8

English Printers' Ornaments. Henry R. Plomer, Burt Franklin

Paragraphs on Printing. Bruce Rogers, [Rudge] Dover, ISBN 0-486-23817-2

Syntax-Antiqua, a sans serif on a new basis

. Erich Schulz-Anker, in Gebrauchsgraphik, number 7, 1970

Pioneers of Modern Typography. Herbert Spencer, MIT Press, 1983

Stop Stealing Sheep & find out how type works. Erik Spiekermann and E.M. Ginger, Adobe Press, 1993

500 Years of Printing. S. H. Steinberg, Pelican

On Stone: The Art and Use of Typography on the Personal Computer. Sumner Stone, Bedford Arts, San Francisco, 1991,

Letters of Credit, A View of Type Design. Walter Tracy, Godine Press, Boston, 1986, ISBN 0879236361

Treasury of Alphabets and Lettering. Jan Tschichold, 1966

Printing Types: Their History, Forms & Use. Daniel Berkeley Updike, Harvard University Press, reprint by Dover, Cambridge, MA, 1937

The design of a typeface

. Gerard Unger, in Visible Language, volume 13, number 2, 1979,

About Alphabets: Some Marginal Notes on Type Design. Hermann Zapf, MIT Press, ISBN 0-262-74003-6

Hermann Zapf & His Design Philosophy'. Hermann Zapf, Society of Typographic Arts, Chicago 1987, ISBN 0-941447-00-6

Manuale Typographicum. Hermann Zapf, MIT Press, ISBN 0-262-74004-4

ABC-XYZapf. Hermann Zapf

Type specimens

Specimens of Type Faces in the U.S. G.P.O. John J. Deviny, Director, US G.P.O.

La chose imprimee. edited by John Dreyfus & Francois Richaudeau, Retz, Paris, 1977

Encyclopedia of Type Faces. Sterling (Published by Blandford Press, England), ISBN 0-7137-1347-X

Rookledge's International Type Finder. Christopher Perfect and Gordon Rookledge, ISBN 1-55921-052-4, Moyer Bell Ltd/Rizzoli,

The Solotype Catalog of 4,147 Display typefaces. Dan X. Solo, Dover Z250.5.D57S654, 1992, ISBN 0-486-27169-2

An Atlas of Typeforms. James Sutton and Alan Bartram, Lund Humphries, Britain,

Type Program. URW, ISBN 3-926515-05-8

EuruWorks. URW, ISBN 3-926515-11-2

Modern Encyclopedia of Typefaces, 1960-90. Lawrence W. Wallis, Van Nostrand Reinhold Z250.W238, 1990, ISBN 0-442-30809-4

Encyclopedia of comparative letterforms. Norman Weinberger, Art directions book company, New York, 1965

A Miscellany Of Type. Whittington Press, 1990

Digital rendering of type

A Dialogue of Forms: Letters and Digital Font Design. Debra Anne Adams, M.Sc. Thesis, M.I.T. Visible Language Workshop, 1988

abcdefg: A Better Constraint Driven Environment for Font Generation

. Debra A. Adams, in Raster Imaging and Digital Typography: 1987 Workshop on Font Design Systems, edited by Jacques Andre and Roger D. Hersch, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1989,

New Trends in Digital Typography

. Debra Adams and Jacques Andre, in Raster Imaging and Digital Typography: Proceedings of the RIDT89 International Conference, edited by Jacques Andre and Roger D. Hersch, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1989,

Problems of Font Quality Assessment

. Debra Adams and Richard Southall, in Raster Imaging and Digital Typography: Proceedings of the RIDT89 International Conference, edited by Jacques Andre and Roger D. Hersch, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1989,

Automatic Generation of Digital Typographic Images from Outline Masters

. Phillip G. Apley, in Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Computer Technology 87 Conference, 1987

Tool Development for the Modern Digital Type Foundry

. David Berlow, in Workshop on Font Design Systems, Sophia-Antipolis, France, May 1987,

Flexible Application of Outline Grid Constraints

. C. Betrisey and Roger D. Hersch, in Raster Imaging and Digital Typography: Proceedings of the RIDT89 International Conference, edited by Jacques Andre and Roger D. Hersch, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1989,

The Design of Lucida: An Integrated Family of Types for Electronic Literacy

. Charles Bigelow and Kris Holmes, in Text Processing and Document Manipulation: Proceedings of the EP86 International Conference, edited by J. C. van Vliet, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 1986

Fred Brady,

A Constraint-Based Font Development System

. in Workshop on Font Design Systems, Sophia-Antipolis, France, May 1987,

Computer-Aided Typeface Design. Kathleen Carter, Technical Report, number 87, University of Cambridge, Computer Lab, Cambridge, England

Overview of the Microsoft/Apple Font Technology

. Matthew Carter, in Seybold Conference Proceedings, Boston, March 1990

Digital Fonts for Low-Cost Typesetting Systems

. John Collins, in IEEE Computer Society International Conference Compcon 86 Proceedings, March 1986

Output Hardcopy Devices. Edited by Robert C. Durbeck and Sol Sherr, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich (Academic Press), ISBN 0-12-225040-0

Storing and Outputting Type

. John Collins, in Digital Typography: SIGGRAPH 1988 Tutorial Notes for Course 14, Section 6., edited by Jon von Zelowitz, Atlanta, Georgia, August 1988

Digital Type Manufacture: An Interactive Approach

. Jim Flowers, in IEEE Computer, volume 17, number 5, May 1984,

OCR-B: a standardized character for optical recognition

. Adrian Frutiger, in Journal of typographic research, volume 1, number 2, April 1967

Fast Generation of Unfilled and Filled Outline Characters

. Jakob Gonczarowski, in Raster Imaging and Digital Typography: Proceedings of the RIDT89 International Conference, edited by Jacques Andre and Roger D. Hersch, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1989,

An Analysis of Font Scaling Algorithms

. Jurg Gutknecht and Eliyezer Kohen, in Supplement to Proceedings of the RIDT89 International Conference, edited by Jacques Andre and Roger D. Hersch, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1989,

Character Generation under Grid Constraints

. Roger D. Hersch, in Computer Graphics: SIGGRAPH 1987 Proceedings, volume 21, number 4, July 1987

Outline Phase Control for Character Rasterization

. Roger D. Hersch, in EUROGRAPHICS 88, edited by D. A. Duce and P. Jancene, Elsevier Science Publishers, 1988

Vertical Scan-Conversion for Filling Purposes

. Roger D. Hersch, in CGI Proceedings, Geneva, May 1988

Introduction to Font Rasterization

. Roger D. Hersch, in Raster Imaging and Digital Typography: Proceedings of the RIDT89 International Conference, edited by Jacques Andre and Roger D. Hersch, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1989,

Efficient Rendering of Outline Characters

. Roger D. Hersch, in SID 90 Digest, volume 21, Las Vegas, May 1990

Advanced Grid Constraints: Performances and Limitations

. R. Hersch and C. Betrisey, in Raster Imaging and Digital Typography II: Proceedings of the RIDT91 International Conference, edited by Robert Morris and Jacques Andre, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1991,

A Model for Automatic Optical Scaling of Type Designs for Conventional and Digital Technology. B. L. Johnson, M.Sc. Thesis, School of Printing, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 1988

Automatic Hinting for Intelligent Font Scaling

. Peter Karow, in Raster Imaging and Digital Typography: Proceedings of the RIDT89 International Conference, edited by Jacques Andre and Roger D. Hersch, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1989,

Font Technology/Tooling and Effects. Peter Karow, ISBN 3-540-56509-X

Optical letterspacing for new printing systems. David Kindersley, Wynkyn de Worde Society, distributed by Lund Humphries, 1976, ISBN 85331-360-1

Computers & Typesetting: Computer Modern Typefaces. Donald E. Knuth, volume E, Addison-Wesley, ISBN 0-201-13446-2

AMS Euler - a New Typeface for Mathematics

. Donald Knuth and Hermann Zapf, April 1989

Typesetting Concrete Mathematics''

. Donald Knuth and Hermann Zapf, in TUGBoat, 1989

Digital Typography: An Introduction to Type and Composition for Computer System Design. Richard Rubinstein, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts, 1988, ISBN 0-201-17633-5

The Euler Project at Stanford. David R. Siegel, Technical Report, Stanford,

A Simple and Efficient Way to Design Middle Resolution Fonts

. Eliyezer Kohen, in Raster Imaging and Digital Typography: 1987 Workshop on Font Design Systems, edited by Jacques Andre and Roger D. Hersch, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1989,

An Anti-Aliasing Method for Low Resolution Fonts Based on Font Structure

. Marc Nanard and Jocelyne Nanard, %L Nanard and Nanard 89 in Raster Imaging and Digital Typography: Proceedings of the RIDT89 International Conference, edited by Jacques Andre and Roger D. Hersch, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1989,

The Acorn Outline Font Manager

. Neil Raine, David Seal, William Stoye and Roger Wilson, in USENIX Computer Graphics Workshop, Monterey, California, 1989

Paragon: A Type Design System for Designers

. Lynn Ruggles, in Workshop on Font Design Systems, Sophia-Antipolis, France, May 1987,

Paragon: An interactive, extensible environment for typeface design

. Lynn Ruggles, in COINS, volume 87, 1987

Royal vs. ATM: The Fruits of Competition

. Jonathan Seybold, in The Seybold Report on Desktop Publishing, volume 4, number 7, 1990

Page layout and design

La typographie au tableau noir. Fernand Baudin, Retz, Paris, 1984

Getting it Printed. Mark Beach, Steve Shepro and Ken Russon, ISBN 0-9602664-7-X

Fundamentals of Copy and Layout. Albert C. Book and C. Dennis Schick, NTC Business Books, ISBN 0-8442-3032-4

The Elements of Typographic Style. Robert Bringhurst, Hartley & Marks Z246.B74, 1992, ISBN 0-88179-033-8 (paperback), ISBN 0-88179-110-5

Graphic Design Cookbook. Chronicle Books, ISBN 0-87701-569-4

Designing with type. James Craig, Watson-Guptill Publications, 1978, ISBN 0-8230-1320-0

Design with Type. Carl Dair, University of Toronto Press, ISBN 0-8020-1426-7

Layout: The Design of the Printed Page. Allen Hurlburt, Watson-Guptill, ISBN 0-8230-2656-6 (softback), ISBN 0-8230-2655-8 (hardback)

Modern Typography: An Essay in Critical History. Robin Kinross, Hyphen Press, London, 1992, ISBN 0907259057

Typography: Design and Practice. John Lewis, Taplinger Publishing, England, 1978, ISBN 0-8008-7922-8

Design principles for desktop publishing. Tom Lichty, Scott, Foreman & co, Glenview, IL

The Thames and Hudson Manual of Typography. Ruari McLean, Thames & Hudson, London, 1980, ISBN 0-500-67022-6

The Pagemaker Companion. Deke McLelland and Craig Danuloff, Publishing Resources Inc., ISBN 1-55623-190-3

Desktop Publishing Type and Graphics. Deke McClelland and Craig Danuloff, Publishing Resources, ISBN 0-15-625298-8

A Desktop Publisher's Guide to Pasteup. Tony Middleton, Plusware, ISBN 0-94205-00-7

Hart's Rules for Compositors and Readers at the University Press. Oxford University Press, Oxford

Looking Good in Print: A Guide to Basic Design for Desktop Publishing. Roger C. Parker, Ventana Press, ISBN 0-940087-05-7

The Makeover Book. Roger C. Parker, Ventana Press, ISBN 0-940087-20-0

The Copy-To-Press Handbook. Judy Pickens, John Wiley, ISBN 0-471-89862-7

Book Design - Text Format Models. Stanley Rice, R. R. Bowker Company, New York, NY, 1978, ISBN 0-8352-1045-6

Typencyclopedia: A User's Guide to Better Typography. Frank Romano, Bowker, ISBN 0-8352-1925-9

Typography/Typographie. Emil Ruder, Arthur Niggli Ltd., Teufen AR, Switzerland, 1967

Contemporary Typography. Jan Tschichold, New Laboratory Press, Pittsburgh, PA, 1961

The Form of The Book: Selected Essays on Questions of Book Design & Quality. Jan Tschichold, Hartley & Marks, Inc., Point Roberts, WA, 1991, ISBN 0-88179-034-6, Translated by Hajo Hadeler. Edited, with an introduction, by Robert Bringhurst

Graphic Design for the Electronic Age. Jan V. White, Watson-Guptill, New York, NY, 1988, ISBN 0-8230-2121-1

The design of books. Adrian Wilson, Peregrine Smith Inc., 1974, ISBN 0-87905-019-5

Xerox Publishing Standards: A Manual of Style and Design. Xerox Corporation, Watson-Guptill, New York, NY, 1988, ISBN 0-8230-5964-2

Typographical Journals

Bookways. W. Thomas Tayor Inc., 1906 Miriam Ave, Austin, Texas 78722, $48 per year (4 issues)

Communication et Langage, Retz, 2 Roule du 75001, Paris, 168 French Francs per year (6 issues)

Information Design Journal, P.O. Box 185, Milton Keynes MK7 6BL, England,

Mice Type, Alphabets, Inc., Box 5448, Evanston, IL 60204, $45 per year (4 issues)

Fine Print, P.O. Box 3394, San Francisco, CA 94119, $40 per year

Serif: The Magazine of Type and Typography, , (4 issues)

Typografische Monatsblaetter / Revue Suisse de l'Imprimerie, Zollikofer AG, Fuerstenlandstrasse 122, CH-9001 St. Gallen, Switzerland, 96 Swiss Francs per year (6 issues)

Typos, c/o The London College of Printing (at the Elephant & Castle), London SE1 6SB, England, $38 per year (3 issues)

TypeWorld Publications, P.O. Box 170, 35 Pelham Road, Salem NH 03079,

Visible Language, c/o Cleveland Museum of Art, Box 1972, Cleveland, OH 44106, $16 per year (4 issues)

Legibility

Reading with Fixed and Variable Character Pitch

. Aries Arditi and Kenneth Knoblauch and Ilana Grunwald in Journal of the ?Optical? Society of America, volume 7, number 10, 1990

Word frequency and pattern distortion in visual word Identification and Production: An Examination of Four Classes of Models

. Derek Besner and Robert S. McCann, in Attention and Performance XII: The Psychology of Reading, edited by Max Coltheart, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1987

Typographic cueing as an aid to learning from typewritten text

. P. Coles and J. Foster, in Programmed Learning and Educational Technology, volume 12, 1975,

An Essay on Typography. Eric Gill, 2nd edition, Sheed & Warde; 1936, 5th edition, Lund Humphries, 1988, ISBN 0-87923-762-7

Eye Movements and Their Role in the Visual and Cognitive Processes. Edited by Eileen Kowler, Reviews of Oculomotor Research, volume 4, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1990

Psychophysics of Reading-I. Normal Vision

. Gordon Legge, Denis G. Pelli, Gary S. Rubin and Mary M Schleske, in Vision Res., 1985

Psychophysics of Reading--V. The Role of Contrast in Normal Vision

. Gordon E. Legge, Gary S. Rubin and Andrew Luebker, in Vision Res., volume 27, number 7 1987,

A Study of Close-Set Text Type

. Sandra Ernst Moriarty and Edward C. Scheiner, in Journal of Applied Psychology, volume 69, 1984

How typeface variation and typographic variation affect readability at small sizes

. Robert A. Morris, Karl Berry, Kathryn A. Hargreaves and Dimitrios Liarokapis, in IS&T's Seventh International Congress on Advances in Non-impact Printing Technologies, volume 2, edited by Ken Pietrowski, Portland, OR, USA 1991

Object spatial frequencies, retinal spatial frequencies, noise and the efficiency of letter discrimination

. David H. Parish and George Sperling, in Vision Res. volume 31, number 6/7, 1991

Words into Type. Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-13-964262-5

Eye Movements in Reading: A Tutorial Review

. Keith Rayner and Alexander Pollatsek, in Attention and Performance XII: The Psychology of Reading, edited by Max Coltheart, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1987

The Psychology of Reading. Keith Rayner and Alexander Pollatsek, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1989

Visual Acuity, Lexical Structure and Eye Movements in Word Recognition

. J. Kevin O'Regan, in Working Models of Human Perception, 1988

Generative Underlining Strategies in Prose Recall

. J. Rickards and G. August, in Journal of Educational Psychology, volume 67, 1975

The Case for Legibility. John Ryder, The Bodley Head, ISBN 0-370-30158-7

Legibility of Print. Miles A. Tinker, Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, 1963

Influence of Type Form on Speed of Reading

. M. Tinker and D. Paterson, in Journal of Applied Psychology, volume 12, 1928

Studies in the Legibility of Printed Text. Bror Zachrisson, Almqvist & Wiksell, Stockholm, 1965

PostScript books

PostScript Language Tutorial and Cookbook. Adobe Systems Inc., Addison-Wesley, 1985, ISBN 0-201-10179-3

PostScript Language Reference Manual. Adobe Systems Inc., 1st Edition, Addison-Wesley, 1985, ISBN 0-201-10174-2

PostScript Language Reference Manual. Adobe Systems Inc., 2nd Edition, Addison-Wesley, 1990, ISBN 0-201-18127-4

Adobe Type 1 Font Format. Adobe Systems Inc., Addison-Wesley, 1990, ISBN 0-201-57044-0

PostScript Language Program Design. Adobe Systems Inc and Glenn Reid, Addison-Wesley, 1988, ISBN 0-201-14396-8

Inside PostScript. Frank Braswell, Systems of Merritt & Peachpit Press, 1989, ISBN 0-938151-10-X

Understanding PostScript Programming. David Holzgang, 2nd Edition SYBEX, 1988, ISBN 0-89588-566-2

Graphic Design with PostScript. Gerald Kunkel, Scott, Foresman and Company, 1990, ISBN 0-673-38794-1

Thinking in PostScript. Glenn Reid, Addison-Wesley, 1990, ISBN 0-201-52372-8

Real World PostScript. Stephen Roth, Addison-Wesley, 1988, ISBN 0-201-06663-7

Learning PostScript: A Visual Approach. Ross Smith, Peachpit Press, 1990, ISBN 0-938-151-12-6

Encapsulated PostScript: Application Guide for the Macintosh and the PC. Peter Vollenweider, Prentice Hall, 1990, ISBN 0-13-275-843-1